Solar Panel:
Solar panels (also known as “PV panels”) collect clean renewable energy in the form of sunlight and convert that light into electricity which can then be used to provide power for electrical loads. Solar panels are comprised of several individual solar cells which are themselves composed of layers of silicon, phosphorous (which provides the negative charge), and boron (which provides the positive charge). Solar panels absorb the photons and in doing so initiate an electric current. The resulting energy generated from photons striking the surface of the solar panel allows electrons to be knocked out of their atomic orbits and released into the electric field generated by the solar cells which then pull these free electrons into a directional current. This entire process is known as the Photovoltaic Effect.
Types of solar panels:
Integrated Back Contact (IBC) Cell Solar Module
Heterojunction (HJT) Cell Solar Module
N-Type Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon) Cell Solar Module
Half-Cut Cell Solar Module
Multi-Busbar Solar Module
Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC) Solar Module
Bifacial Solar Module
Shingled Cell Solar Panels
N-Type Mono-crystalline Solar Cell Module
P-Type Mono-crystalline Solar Cell Module
Inverter:
An inverter is an electrical device that converts the DC Current supplied by the solar array to usable AC. It is essential to operate most electric devices or interface with the electrical grid. It is the second costliest part of the entire solar system after the solar panels.
Most inverters offer more than 90% efficiency and are equipped with important safety features including ground fault circuit interruption and anti-islanding. That helps to shut down the solar PV system in the event of grid power loss or blackouts.
Depending on the features and benefits, the inverters are divided into four categories, String Inverters, Microinverters, Battery Inverters and Hybrid Inverters.
Racking System:
A solar racking system is used to safely fix solar panels to surfaces such as rooftops or the ground. The system is designed to easily be retrofitted to existing rooftops and structures with a high level of precision. Typically, they come in two variations, flat roof systems and pitched roof systems. They include rails, nuts, bolts, mid-clamps, end-clamps, tin roof hooks, tile roof hooks, adjustable tilt legs, cable clips, cable ties, etc., which are made up of stainless steel or aluminium.
They are designed to withstand extreme weather events, like extremely high-speed wind or high accumulations of snow and/or heavy rainfall. Another important aspect of the racking systems is to electrically bond and ground the solar array to prevent electrocution.
Other Components:
They include circuit breakers, AC Isolators, MC4s (Multi-Contact, 4 millimetres), cable glands, smart meter and/or current transformers (CT) clamp of an inverter, cables, conduits, etc.
